Social Security Administration

SSA administers the nation's largest income security program, paying monthly benefits to approximately 70 million Americans — including retirees, people with disabilities, and survivors of deceased workers. The program is largely self-funded through the 12.4% payroll tax split between employers and employees. SSA also manages Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for elderly and disabled individuals with limited resources. The program's trust funds face projected shortfalls in the 2030s, making its long-term funding one of the most significant fiscal policy questions facing Congress.